Sinusitis and nasal polyps

Sinusitis, also called a sinus infection, occurs when your sinuses become inflamed due to bacteria, viruses, or molds. This causes nasal congestion, facial pressure, pain, and a runny nose.

Distinguishing Between a Sinus Infection and the Common Cold

Sinus infections often look like a cold, but there are key differences:

• Acute viral sinusitis: Usually lasts about a week.
• Acute bacterial sinusitis: May require antibiotics and lasts longer.
• Chronic sinusitis: Lasts 12 weeks or more and needs medical care.

Causes and Risk Factors

Sinus infections happen when inflammation blocks normal sinus drainage. Risk factors include:

• History of colds
• Seasonal allergies
• Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
• Nasal structural issues, such as nasal polyps
• Weakened immune system or use of immunosuppressive medications

Signs and Symptoms

• Bad breath
• Nasal congestion or runny nose
• Cough or postnasal drip
• Facial discomfort or pressure
• Frontal headaches or tooth pain
• Fatigue or fever
• Sore throat

When to See a Doctor

See your provider if:

• Fever lasts 3–4 days
• Sinus infections recur frequently
• Severe facial pain or headache occurs
• Symptoms last over a week without improvement
• Symptoms worsen after initially improving
• Infants under 3 months have a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher

Diagnosis

Your provider will evaluate your symptoms and may use tests such as:

• Physical exam
• Skin or blood allergy testing (if allergies are suspected)

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type of sinusitis:

Home Care

• Warm compress on the nose and forehead
• Steam inhalation during a shower or from a bowl of hot water
• Over-the-counter pain relievers and antihistamines
• Decongestant or saline nasal sprays
• Nasal irrigation with a neti pot or saline rinse

Medications

• Antibiotics if bacterial infection is confirmed
• Topical nasal corticosteroids for inflammation
• Management of allergies for chronic allergic sinusitis

Chronic Sinusitis and Nasal Polyps

Chronic sinusitis lasts more than 12 weeks. Some patients develop nasal polyps, which are soft growths inside the nasal passages. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, reduced sense of smell, and frequent infections.

Management Options

• Allergy control and medication management
• Topical or oral corticosteroids
• Sinus surgery for persistent nasal polyps or blockage

Who is at Higher Risk?

• People with weakened immune systems
• Individuals with allergies or asthma
• Those with structural nasal problems
• People exposed to tobacco smoke or pollutants

Why Choose CU Medicine?

• Expert primary care providers trained in sinusitis and nasal polyps
• Personalized treatment plans for acute and chronic cases
• Access to advanced diagnostic testing and ENT specialists
• Comprehensive care for allergies and underlying conditions

Takeaways

Proper care can relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. Early evaluation and treatment are key for chronic or severe sinus issues.