The exact cause of Meniere's disease is not fully understood, but it's believed to involve fluid buildup in the compartments of the inner ear, known as the labyrinth. This fluid buildup, called endolymphatic hydrops, can affect the function of the inner ear structures responsible for balance and hearing.

Meniere's disease typically presents in recurrent episodes or "attacks" that can vary in duration and severity. Between attacks, individuals may experience periods of remission where symptoms improve or resolve completely. Over time, however, some individuals may develop permanent hearing loss in the affected ear.

The diagnosis of Meniere's disease is based on a combination of symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic tests, which may include hearing tests, balance assessments, and imaging studies to rule out other potential causes of symptoms.

Treatment for Meniere's disease aims to manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of episodes. This may involve dietary changes (such as reducing salt intake), medications to control symptoms of vertigo, vestibular rehabilitation therapy, and in some cases, surgical procedures or other interventions to alleviate fluid buildup in the inner ear. The specific treatment approach may vary depending on the individual's symptoms and response to treatment.

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