Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the labyrinth, a complex structure within the inner ear that includes the cochlea (responsible for hearing) and the vestibular system (responsible for balance). Labyrinthitis typically occurs as a result of a viral or bacterial infection, although it can also be triggered by other factors such as allergies, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications.
The inflammation of the labyrinth can disrupt both hearing and balance function, leading to symptoms such as:
Vertigo: A sensation of spinning or whirling, often severe and sudden in onset, typically triggered by changes in head position.
Hearing loss: Labyrinthitis can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss, which may affect one or both ears. The severity of hearing loss can vary depending on the extent of inflammation and damage to the cochlea.
Tinnitus: Ringing, buzzing, or other noises in the ear may occur in individuals with labyrinthitis, often associated with hearing loss.
Nausea and vomiting: Vertigo associated with labyrinthitis can be intense enough to cause nausea and vomiting.
Imbalance: Feelings of unsteadiness or imbalance may occur, particularly during episodes of vertigo.
Diagnosis of labyrinthitis is typically based on clinical history, physical examination findings (such as the presence of characteristic nystagmus), and ruling out other potential causes of symptoms. Additional tests, such as hearing tests (audiometry) and vestibular function tests, may be performed to assess the extent of hearing and balance dysfunction.
Treatment for labyrinthitis often involves symptomatic management to alleviate vertigo and associated symptoms, such as anti-vertigo medications, anti-nausea medications, and vestibular rehabilitation therapy to promote compensation for vestibular deficits and improve balance. In cases where labyrinthitis is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. Most individuals with labyrinthitis experience significant improvement in symptoms over time, although recovery may take several weeks to months, particularly in cases of severe inflammation or permanent hearing loss.